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Herbs & Supplements

Alder Buckthorn
Scientific Name: Rhamnus frangula
Other Names: Alder Dogwood, Arrow Wood, Black Dogwood, Dog Wood, European Buckthorn, Frangula Bark, Glossy Buckthorn

References

Anon. Rhamnus frangula. Weed Ecology Lab. Purdue University. No Date Given. Available at: http://btny.agriculture.purdue.edu/buckthorn/page4.asp Accessed March 31, 2003.

Dharmananda S. Safety issues affecting herbs: how long can stimulant laxatives be used? The Institute for Traditional Medicine. March 2002. Available at: http://www.itmonline.org/arts/laxatives.htm. Accessed May 23, 2007.

European Medicines Agency. Committee for Herbal Medicinal Products. Evaluation of medicines for human use. Community herbal monograph on frangula bark (frangulae cortex). March 9, 2006.Available at: http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/hmpc/7630706en.pdf. Accessed May 24, 2007.

European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy. Frangulae cortex, frangula bark. Monographs on the Medicinal Uses of Plant Drugs. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter, Centre for Contemporary Health Studies, 1997.

Grieve M. Buckthorn (Alder). In: A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publishers, 1971. Available at: http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html Posted 1995. Accessed March 28, 2003.

Kupchan SM, Karim A. Tumor inhibitors. 114. Aloe emodin: antileukemic principle isolated from Rhamnus frangula L. Lloydia. 1976;39(4):223-224.

Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.

Manojlovic NT, Solujic S, Sukdolak S, Milosev M. Antifungal activity of Rubia tinctorum, Rhamnus frangula and Caloplaca cerina. Fitoterapia. 2005;76(2):244-246.

National Institutes of Health. National Toxicology Program. NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of emodin (CAS no. 518-82-1) feed studies in F344/n rats and B6C3F1 mice. National Toxicology Program Technical Report Service. 2001;493:1-278.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, Online Edition. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2006. Available at: http://www.pharmacistsletter.com/(S(ulqz3s45omt3ag55um4kj345))/home.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=ND.

Rychener M, Steiger W. Purification, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, and HPLC analysis of four 1,8-dihydroxyanthrones [article in German] Pharm Acta Helvetica. 1989;64(1):8-15.

Siegers CP, von Hertzberg-Lottin E, Otte M, Schneider B. Anthranoid laxative abuse--a risk for colorectal cancer? Gut. 1993;34(8):1099-1101.

Sydiskis RJ, Owen DG, Lohr JL, Rosler KH, Blomster RN. Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants. Antimicrobial Agents in Chemotherapy. 1991;35(12):2463-2466.

van den Berg AJ, Labadie RP. Anthraquinones, anthrones and dianthrones in callus cultures of Rhamnus frangula and Rhamnus purshiana. Planta Medica. 1984;50(5):449-451.

van den Dikkenberg MI, Holtkamp BM. Alder buckthorn poisoning in horses. [Article in Dutch] Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1987;112(6):340-341.

Willems M, van Buuren HR, de Krijger R. Anthranoid self-medication causing rapid development of melanosis coli. Netherlands Journal of Medicine. 2003;61(1):22-24.

Last Revised May 23, 2007

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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